| 李茜茜,司建平,郭清.医养结合机构老年人群生存质量分析及对策研究[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2022,46(3):229-237. |
| 医养结合机构老年人群生存质量分析及对策研究 |
| Analysis and Countermeasures of Quality of Life of Elderly in Medical and Nursing Institutions |
| DOI：10.16466/j.issn1005-5509.2022.03.001 |
| 中文关键词: 老龄事业 医养结合 老年人群 健康养老 养老机构 生存质量 影响因素 对策 |
| 英文关键词: aging career combination of medical and nursing the elderly healthy pension pension agency quality of life influencing factors countermeasure |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(71774147、72174183) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| [目的] 了解国内医养结合机构入住老年人群的生存质量及影响因素，为改善老年人群健康状况，提升医养结合机构照护服务能力提供对策依据。[方法] 2020年10至12月，采用整群随机抽样法在全国范围内抽取医养结合试点机构18家，对入住机构的680名老年人群进行问卷调查，调查内容包括老年人群的一般人口学特征、经济能力、工作情况、文化程度、患病状况及健康相关生存质量，采用自制基本情况调查问卷和健康调查12条简表(the 12-item Short From Health Survey，SF-12)作为调查工具。[结果] 共有效调查660名老年人群，有效率为97.1%。医养结合机构老年人群的生理健康(physical component summary，PCS)总评、心理健康(mental component summary，MCS)总评以及健康相关生存质量总评分别为(77.76±25.68)分、(68.69±17.85)分和(73.23±18.01)分。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示，有政府发放的养老金(Sβ=0.162，P＜0.001)、已参加医疗保险(Sβ=0.211，P＜0.001)、每周最少一次体育锻炼(Sβ=0.115，P＜0.001)及文化程度高(Sβ=0.321，P＜0.001)是机构内入住老年人群生命质量的保护因素；年龄大(Sβ=-0.158，P＜0.001)、子女经济状况较差(Sβ=-0.094，P=0.006)、患有心血管疾病(Sβ=-0.074，P=0.029)、患呼吸系统慢病(Sβ=-0.114，P=0.001)、存在睡眠障碍(Sβ=-0.097，P=0.004)及过去一年内患病次数多(Sβ=-0.107，P＜0.001)是机构内入住老年人群生命质量的不利因素。[结论] 医养结合机构入住老年人群生存质量状况总体良好，但应重点关注年龄大、文化程度较低、患慢病种类多、无国家发放的养老金及未参加任何医疗保险的老年人群，政府和机构可以采取相关措施，改善这部分老年人群的生存质量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objective] To analyze the quality of life and influencing factors of the elderly in medical and nursing institutions with integrated medical and elderly care， and provide countermeasures for improving the health status of the elderly and enhancing the ability of integrated medical and elderly care services. [Methods] From October to December 2020， cluster random sampling method was used to select 18 medical and nursing institutions nationwide，and 680 elderly persons in the institutions were investigated by questionnaire. The survey content included the general demographic characteristics， economic ability， work status， education level， disease status and health-related quality of life of the elderly. The self-made basic situation survey questionnaire and the 12-item Short From Health Survey(SF-12) were used as survey tools. [Results] The effective rate was 97.1%. The total score of physical component summary(PCS) was (77.76±25.68); the total score of mental component summary(MCS) was (68.69±17.85); and the total health-related quality of life scores was (73.23±18.01).The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that having a government-issued pension(Sβ=0.162， P＜0.001)， having participated in medical insurance(Sβ=0.211， P＜0.001)， exercising at least once a week(Sβ=0.115， P＜0.001)， and having a high education level(Sβ=0.321， P＜0.001) were protective factors for the quality of life of the elderly in the institution.In addition， old age(Sβ=-0.158， P＜0.001)， poor financial status of children(Sβ=-0.094， P=0.006)， suffering from cardiovascular disease(Sβ=-0.074， P=0.029)， suffering from chronic respiratory disease(Sβ=-0.114， P=0.001)， suffering from sleep disturbance(Sβ=-0.097， P=0.004)， and more illnesses in the past year (Sβ=-0.107， P＜0.001) were unfavorable factors for the quality of life of the elderly in the institution. [Conclusion] The quality of life of the elderly in the integrated medical care institutions is generally good. However， these issues should be focused on the elderly who are older， less educated， have many types of chronic diseases， do not have government-issued pensions and have not participated in any medical insurance. The government and institutions should take measures to improve the quality of life of this part of the elderly. |
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