| 张泽宇,毛竹君,兰济乐,等.中药经鼻吸入法的理论基础与古今应用比较[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2024,48(4):483-491. |
| 中药经鼻吸入法的理论基础与古今应用比较 |
| Comparison of Theoretical Basis and Ancient and Modern Application of Nasal Inhalation of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
| DOI：10.16466/j.issn1005-5509.2024.04.018 |
| 中文关键词: 经鼻吸入 中药外治 给药途径 数据挖掘 用药规律 临床应用 |
| 英文关键词: nasal inhalation external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine medicine administration data mining medication rules clinical application |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(81904100)；浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02074)；浙江省中医药科技计划项目(2023ZL361) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| [目的] 以数据挖掘为研究手段，探讨中药经鼻吸入法的理论基础，分析其古今用药差异，以期为中药经鼻吸入法的临床应用提供参考。[方法] 分别采用《中华医典》软件和中国知网数据库查阅古今中药经鼻吸入法的相关记载，运用Excel 2022软件对疾病类型、处方组成等进行整理分析。[结果] 古代中药经鼻吸入法常使用开窍药，频次较高的前5位分别是麝香、皂荚、细辛、雄黄、瓜蒂；在耳鼻咽喉口齿病类、脑系病类应用最为广泛。古代中药经鼻吸入法所治疾病常为急症，因此大多单次给药使用，鼻腔搐药法是古代中药经鼻吸入法最主要和最常用的方法。现代中药经鼻吸入常与西药制剂配合使用，雾化吸入是最主要的给药形式，主要应用于呼吸系统和神经系统疾病，频次较高的前5位分别是黄芩、甘草、金银花、麻黄、鱼腥草；用药疗程集中在1～2周，给药频次以每日1～2次居多，单次给药时间集中在10～20 min。[结论] 古今中药经鼻吸入法的理论与方法存在诸多一致性，但古代使用的药物种类更多，治疗疾病覆盖更广泛，给药时长较现代更短，而现代先进的制剂和给药技术进一步提高中药经鼻吸入的效率，增强其治疗效果。因此中药经鼻吸入应用前景广阔，今后研究应进一步揭示中药经鼻吸入法的作用机制，使临床应用规范化及标准化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objective] To analyze the difference between ancient and modern medication of nasal inhalation of traditional Chinese medicine， and discuss its theoretical basis through data mining， in order to provide reference for clinical application of nasal inhalation of traditional Chinese medicine. [Methods] The relative records of nasal inhalation of traditional Chinese medicine were searched by “Chinese medical classics” and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) database respectively， and the types of diseases and the composition of prescriptions were analyzed by Excel 2022 software. [Results] In ancient times， awaking drugs were often used for nasal inhalation， which were widely used in otolaryngology， dental and brain diseases， high-frequency use of drugs such as Moschus berezovski Flerov， Gleditsia sinensis Lam.， Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.)Kitag.， realgar， Cucumis melo L.. Most of the diseases treated by nasal inhalation of traditional Chinese medicine were acute， so most of them were used in a single dose. Nasal convulsive therapy was the most important and common method. Modern traditional Chinese medicine is often used in combination with western medicine， mainly used in lung and nerve diseases；the top five high-frequency use of drugs are Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi， Giycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.， Lonicera japonica Thunb.， Ephedra sinica Stapf， Houttuynia cordata Thunb.. Aerosol inhalation is the most important form of drug administration. Most courses of treatment are 1～2 weeks， and the frequency of administration is concentrated in 1～2 times per day， and the single administration is usually 10～20 minutes. [Conclusion] The theory and method of nasal inhalation of traditional Chinese medicine are in accordance with each other in ancient and modern times， but in ancient times， more kinds of drugs were used， the treatment of diseases covered more widely， and the time of drug administration was shorter than in modern times， while modern advanced preparations and administration techniques further promote the efficiency of nasal inhalation of traditional Chinese medicines and enhance their therapeutic effects. The future research should focus on further revealing the mechanism of nasal inhalation of traditional Chinese medicine and standardizing clinical application. |
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