| 苏玮,张丽君,李辰,等.张志聪治学与中医书院教育[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2025,49(2):166-171. |
| 张志聪治学与中医书院教育 |
| Academic Research of ZHANG Zhicong and the Traditional Chinese Medical Academy Education |
| DOI：10.16466/j.issn1005-5509.2025.02.007 |
| 中文关键词: 张志聪 中医书院 钱塘医派 维护旧论 高士宗 陈修园 教育 侣山堂 |
| 英文关键词: ZHANG Zhicong traditional Chinese medical academy Qiantang medical school maintaining the old theory GAO Shizong CHEN Xiuyuan education Lvshantang |
| 基金项目:国家中医药管理局中医药古籍挖掘和保护条件提升项目(GZY-KJS-2022-016) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| [目的] 从张志聪在侣山堂开展的医事活动及其著述中总结治学经验，为研究中医书院教育提供参考。[方法] 通过研读张志聪《侣山堂类辩》《素问集注》《灵枢集注》《伤寒论集注》等著作，旁通相关研究文献，解析中医书院教育范式，从中医书院教育的兴起背景、侣山堂的具体模式和其主人张志聪的治学经验、侣山堂教育的影响，以及中医书院教育的传承四个方面来论述。[结果] 侣山堂是在书院普及，钱塘医家荟萃，卢复、卢之颐父子相与讲学的背景下诞生的。侣山堂自学辅导式、教学研究式、讲会制度的教学模式，为中医探索出集教学、研究、诊疗于一体的书院教育的基本模式；其课程设置反映了张志聪尊经崇古、维护旧论、六经气化、先难后易、集体注释的治学思想。书院教育的影响范围较大，侣山堂的发展充实了钱塘医派，促进了维护旧论派的繁荣，开集注医籍先河，并为后世医家留下了一系列的经典注疏。在张志聪讲学的影响下，高士宗、仲学辂、陈修园延续了书院式的教育模式，进而对近现代中医专科学校的成立有深远意义。[结论] 中医书院教育在清代钱塘张志聪所创的侣山堂始有范式。总结张志聪在侣山堂中的治学主张，有助于了解中医书院教育内容及模式的变化，以及书院教育对于中医传承与发展的影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objective] To summarize ZHANG Zhicong’s academic experience in his books and medical activities taken place in Lvshantang， and to provide reference for the study of traditional Chinese medical academy education. [Methods] By studying ZHANG Zhicong’s works， such as Lvshantang Leibian， Collected Commentaries on Suwen， Collected Commentaries on Lingshu， Collected Commentaries on Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease， and referring to relevant literature， this paper analyzes the paradigm of the traditional Chinese medical academy education， discusses mainly from four aspects of the establishment background of the traditional Chinese medical academy education， the specific model of Lvshantang and the academic experience of its master ZHANG Zhicong， the influence of Lvshantang education， and the traditional Chinese medical academy education inheritance. [Results] Lvshantang was born in the context of popularization of academies， the gathering of medical experts in Qiantang， and the joint teaching activities of LU Fu and LU Zhiyi. The teaching modes of Lvshantang， including self-study， teaching research and lecture system， explored the basic mode of academy education integrating teaching， research， diagnosis and treatment for traditional Chinese medicine. The curriculum of Lvshantang reflected ZHANG Zhicong’s academic thoughts of respecting the classics by maintaining faithful to the ancient text， the old theory， six-meridian Qi-transformation， difficulties before easy ones and collective annotation. The academy education had a large scope of influence. The development of Lvshantang enriched the Qiantang medical school， promoted the prosperity of maintaining the old theory school， started the collective annotation of medical books and left a series of classical annotation monographs for the later generations. Under the influence of ZHANG Zhicong’s lectures， GAO Shizong， ZHONG Xuelu， CHEN Xiuyuan continued the academy-style educational model， which had a profound impact on the establishment of modern Chinese medicine specialized schools. [Conclusion] The traditional Chinese medical academy education began to establish norm in Lvshantang， which was founded by ZHANG Zhicong in Qiantang in the Qing Dynasty. To summarize ZHANG Zhicong’s academic views in Lvshantang is helpful to understand the changes in the content and mode of the traditional Chinese medical academy education， and the academy education helps the inheritance and development of the traditional Chinese medicine. |
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